Java Program to Implement the queue data structure

To understand this example, you should have the knowledge of the following Java programming topics:

Example 1: Java program to implement Queue


              
public class Queue {
  int SIZE = 5;
  int items[] = new int[SIZE];
  int front, rear;

  Queue() {
    front = -1;
    rear = -1;
  }

  // check if the queue is full
  boolean isFull() {
    if (front == 0 && rear == SIZE - 1) {
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  // check if the queue is empty
  boolean isEmpty() {
    if (front == -1)
      return true;
    else
      return false;
  }

  // insert elements to the queue
  void enQueue(int element) {

    // if queue is full
    if (isFull()) {
      System.out.println("Queue is full");
    }
    else {
      if (front == -1) {
        // mark front denote first element of queue
        front = 0;
      }

      rear++;
      // insert element at the rear
      items[rear] = element;
      System.out.println("Insert " + element);
    }
  }

  // delete element from the queue
  int deQueue() {
    int element;

    // if queue is empty
    if (isEmpty()) {
      System.out.println("Queue is empty");
      return (-1);
    }
    else {
      // remove element from the front of queue
      element = items[front];

      // if the queue has only one element
      if (front >= rear) {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
      }
      else {
        // mark next element as the front
        front++;
      }
      System.out.println( element + " Deleted");
      return (element);
    }
  }

  // display element of the queue
  void display() {
    int i;
    if (isEmpty()) {
      System.out.println("Empty Queue");
    }
    else {
      // display the front of the queue
      System.out.println("\nFront index-> " + front);

      // display element of the queue
      System.out.println("Items -> ");
      for (i = front; i <= rear; i++)
        System.out.print(items[i] + "  ");

      // display the rear of the queue
      System.out.println("\nRear index-> " + rear);
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    // create an object of Queue class
    Queue q = new Queue();

    // try to delete element from the queue
    // currently queue is empty
    // so deletion is not possible
    q.deQueue();

    // insert elements to the queue
    for(int i = 1; i < 6; i ++) {
      q.enQueue(i);
    }

    // 6th element can't be added to queue because queue is full
    q.enQueue(6);

    q.display();

    // deQueue removes element entered first i.e. 1
    q.deQueue();

    // Now we have just 4 elements
    q.display();

  }
}

Output


              
Queue is empty
Insert 1
Insert 2
Insert 3
Insert 4
Insert 5
Queue is full

Front index-> 0
Items ->
1  2  3  4  5
Rear index-> 4
1 Deleted

Front index-> 1
Items ->
2  3  4  5
Rear index-> 4

In the above example, we have implemented the queue data structure in Java.

To learn the working about the queue, visit Queue Data Structure.

Example 2: Implement queue using Queue interface

Java provides a built Queue interface that can be used to implement a queue.


              
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.LinkedList;

class Main {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Creating Queue using the LinkedList class
    Queue<Integer> numbers = new LinkedList<>();

    // enqueue
    // insert element at the rear of the queue
    numbers.offer(1);
    numbers.offer(2);
    numbers.offer(3);
    System.out.println("Queue: " + numbers);

    // dequeue
    // delete element from the front of the queue
    int removedNumber = numbers.poll();
    System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedNumber);

    System.out.println("Queue after deletion: " + numbers);
    }
}

Output


              
Queue: [1, 2, 3]
Removed Element: 1
Queue after deletion: [2, 3]

In the above example, we have used the Queue interface to implement the queue in Java. Here, we have used the LinkedList class that implements the Queue interface.

numbers.offer() - insert elements to the rear of the queue
numbers.poll() - remove an element from the front of the queue

Notice, we have used the angle brackets <Integer> while creating the queue. It represents that the queue is of the generic type.

We can also use other interfaces and classes instead of Queue and LinkedList. For example,